Helicobacter pylori
H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) is a common bacterial infection that affects the lining of the stomach.
H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) is a common bacterial infection that affects the lining of the stomach. It's estimated that over half of the world's population is infected with these bacteria. While most people experience no symptoms, it can lead to serious digestive problems like peptic ulcers and stomach cancer.
What are the Symptoms of H. Pylori Infection?
- Stomach pain: The most common symptom, it can be sharp or dull,
- Heartburn: A burning sensation or discomfort behind the breastbone.
- Nausea and vomiting: Vomiting may be bloody in some cases.
- Loss of appetite: May lead to weight loss.
- Abdominal bloating: Feeling full or gassy after eating.
- Belching: May be frequent or bothersome.
- Constipation or diarrhea: Changes in bowel habits.
What are the Complications of H. Pylori Infection?
- Peptic ulcers: sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine) that can cause internal bleeding.
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining.
- Stomach cancer: The risk of developing stomach cancer is significantly increased in people with H. pylori infection.
How is H. Pylori Diagnosed?
Several tests can diagnose H. pylori infection, including:
- Blood test: Checks for antibodies to H. pylori in the blood.
- Breath test: The patient drinks a liquid containing a labeled compound, then their breath is analyzed to see if the patient has H. pylori bacteria.
- Stool test: Looks for the presence of H. pylori antigen in a stool sample.
- Endoscopy: endoscopy is inserted into the stomach to take a biopsy (tissue sample) of the stomach lining.
How is H. Pylori Treated?
H. pylori infection is usually treated with antibiotics. Other medications may also prescribed to reduce stomach acid and relieve symptoms.
How to Prevent H. Pylori Infection:
- Wash hands thoroughly: Especially after using the bathroom and before eating.
- Cook food thoroughly: Particularly meat and eggs.
- Avoid sharing food or utensils with others.
- Drink bottled or boiled water.
Additional Tips for Patients:
- Follow a healthy diet: Eat plenty of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Maintain a healthy weight: Losing excess weight can help reduce the risk of H. pylori infection.
- Quit smoking: Smoking increases the risk of H. pylori infection and its complications.
- Reduce stress: Stress can worsen H. pylori symptoms.